Cephalopods are very smart, but have brains that evolved very differently than vertebrates. Plus, detailed maps of olfactory receptors in mice transform what we know about smell.

New research reveals that octopus neurons form distributed processing networks fundamentally different from the centralized cortical systems of mammals. Despite this radically different architecture, octopuses demonstrate problem-solving abilities, tool use, and even playful behavior.

The findings suggest that complex intelligence may not require a vertebrate-style brain, opening new avenues for understanding consciousness and artificial intelligence design.

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